04 The constancy of the speed of light and GPS, Length contraction

 The subject of today is the constancy of the speed of light and GPS. What is the relationship between the constancy of the speed of light and GPS? If you do not look closely, it may look like there is no relationship. Japan's Masinori Sato works at Honda Electronics. He is considered to be an expert in the field of GPS.

He submitted several papers on GPS. One of them is 'Incompatibility between the principle of the constancy of the speed of light and the Lorentz contraction in the GPS Experiment' 1)

    As the title suggests, the principle of the constant velocity of light and length contraction logically conflict with each other. Of course, it is not an authoritative paper. What he announced was a temporary paper before a posting run by Cornell University. His thesis title was shocking. And in the design of the entire thesis, I can see author Sato's mistake.

  Aside from all this, the title of his paper is justified. Indeed, the principle of constant velocity of light and the contraction of length collide in front. Niel Ashby is one of the top experts in discussing relativistic effects about GPS. He describes it like this 2)

Niel Ashby

"Some things have been purposely glossed over, such as possibility of Lorentz contraction(it is actually not important; the GPS is a timing system)"

Neil Esbhy, one of the top experts in this field has intentionally ignored length contraction? Why is this? The reason is very simple. No matter how he tries to find it, no shrinkage is found. After 100 years, no experimental evidence of length contraction was found. This is an obvious fact that no one can deny.

(If you want to claim that Muon's sea level reach is a length contraction, please wait. This phenomenon is not evidence of length contraction, but rather evidence of length expansion. I'll post about this later.)

Let's go back to Sato's story again. Sato thought that the relativistic effect on the cosmic background could easily be measured because the earth was dragged toward Virgo at a speed of 700 km per second. And let's think roughly that GPS satellites run about 4 km per second to the Earth, 30 km per second to the sun, and 700 km to cosmic background radiation.

Sato's experimental design: 

In some cases, two satellites, the virgin constellation and an earth are arranged in a straight line.

If Sato's plan is right, there is a 54m length contraction effect. Sato thought it was easy to find this. In any case, the speed of light should always be constant, regardless of the speed of the light source, or the speed of the observer. So, in general, when the GPS satellite communicates, the following equation is established.  

GPS satellites are orbiting around 20,000 kilometers in general. Then it takes 0.066667 seconds for the signal to travel from this height of satellites to the surface.

If so, the speed of light is kept constant.

Suppose Sato's intention is to find a 54 meter length contraction effect and find a 0.18 microsecond time dilation effect. When this happens, the speed of light is no longer the speed of light. Neil Ashby, who was just quoted, would have attempted to measure the effect of length contraction on the earth because the satellite is running at 4 km per second. But it is never found. The constancy of the speed of light is a catastrophic condition, even if the length contraction is found, as in the above equation.

In many cases, the speed of light is constantly changing. And this is never a constant c. This can be easily expressed as follows. 

The numerator represents the length effect and the denominator represents the time effect. The numerators continue to decrease due to length contraction effects, and denominators continue to increase due to time dilation effects. If so, the speed of light is forced to converge to zero. This is shown in the graph below. So, Sato defines this as follows.

"If there is a Lorentz contraction, the GPS cannot work so precisely" 

Photons stopped by ‘length contraction-time dilation’

  How do you solve this? Do you have a solution? You should never think about this problem as being easy to solve. Today, GPS is very precise. GPS is so precise today that it is possible to bomb within an error of about 2cm from the sky. If GPS is so accurate, the above problem is very serious. It is a very strong signal that the GPS is wrong, the principle of the constant speed of light is wrong, or the length contraction is wrong.

  You can easily live your daily life by ignoring this signal. However, there is a neat way to solve these problems. It is to choose the length expansion to abandon the length contraction. It's hard to believe, but if you think of length expansion rather than length contraction, everything is logically clean. In recent years, some people have published papers that GPS has not found a length contraction but a length  expansion. One such person is the German, Robert J. Buenker. 3)

                                                    

Robert J. Buenker

"The isotropic length expansion was observed rather than the anisotropic length contraction predicted by the Lorentz transformation."

Let's go back to the problem we were talking about a while ago.

The constancy of the speed of light preserved by the ‘length expansion-time dilation’

Previously, Sato thought that a 54 m long contraction should be found. But what if the 54 meters swell the length? If so, the speed of light is maintained exactly. Here is an analogy.

 As the denominator grows larger, the molecules become larger, so always keep it at 1.  Likewise, the same applies to the speed of light. When the time expands with time delay, the length expands as well, so the speed of light is always constant. It is so obvious. Now let's look at the overall situation.

Length contraction effect not found in GPS

   Because GPS satellites run at 4 km per second, there is a special relativity error of about 10.4 m per year. Satellites actually move farther than non-relativistic predictions. Classical theory cannot explain this. However, the time delay can be explained accurately. So, Neal Eshibi said that GPS is a system of timing. What is important here, however, is that length contraction theory does not explain this phenomenon.

But,, what them about the theory of length expansion? In terms of length expansion theory, we can accurately predict that a satellite is 10.4 meters farther than the theoretical calculation. Therefore, it is obvious that the natural phenomenon of reality is not a length contraction but a length expansion.

It is obvious why length expansion is correct, not length contraction. The first is that it is precisely compatible with the constancy of the speed of light. And secondly, the theory of length expansion explains precisely the natural phenomena occurring in the real world.

Length contraction did not exist from the beginning. Therefore, of course, it is not found in GPS..

Most scholars in the world know that length contractions are right. But it is like a naked king. Natural phenomena support the theory of length expansion. What do you think? Thank you for reading the long story.